Per the definition of "decibel," background sound that meets this requirement will be approximately four times quieter than the foreground speech content. G Mixing audio files so that non-speech sounds are at least 20 decibels lower than the speech audio content. For the visual presentation of blocks of text, a mechanism is available to achieve the following: Foreground and background colors can be selected by the user.
Width is no more than 80 characters or glyphs 40 if CJK. Text is not justified aligned to both the left and the right margins. Line spacing leading is at least space-and-a-half within paragraphs, and paragraph spacing is at least 1. Text can be resized without assistive technology up to percent in a way that does not require the user to scroll horizontally to read a line of text on a full-screen window.
First Requirement: Techniques to ensure foreground and background colors can be selected by the user. C Specifying text and background colors of secondary content such as banners, features and navigation in CSS while not specifying text and background colors of the main content OR C Specifying borders and layout in CSS to delineate areas of a Web page while not specifying text and text-background colors OR G Using a technology that has commonly-available user agents that can change the foreground and background of blocks of text OR G Not specifying background color, not specifying text color, and not using technology features that change those defaults OR G Providing a multi color selection tool on the page for foreground and background colors OR.
G Not interfering with the user agent's reflow of text as the viewing window is narrowed OR C Using relative measurements to set column widths so that lines can average 80 characters or less when the browser is resized. Third Requirement: Techniques to ensure text is not justified aligned to both the left and the right margins. Fourth Requirement: Techniques to ensure line spacing leading is at least space-and-a-half within paragraphs, and paragraph spacing is at least 1.
Fifth Requirement: Techniques to ensure text can be resized without assistive technology up to percent in a way that does not require the user to scroll horizontally to read a line of text on a full-screen window. Images of text are only used for pure decoration or where a particular presentation of text is essential to the information being conveyed.
Content can be presented without loss of information or functionality, and without requiring scrolling in two dimensions for: Vertical scrolling content at a width equivalent to CSS pixels; Horizontal scrolling content at a height equivalent to CSS pixels; Except for parts of the content which require two-dimensional layout for usage or meaning.
CSS, Fitting data cells within the width of the viewport. Mechanism to allow mobile view at any time. Using fixed sized containers and fixed position content CSS HTML Using preformatted text or excluding preformatting text as an exception to no two dimensional scrolling. The visual presentation of the following have a contrast ratio of at least against adjacent color s : User Interface Components: Visual information required to identify user interface components and states, except for inactive components or where the appearance of the component is determined by the user agent and not modified by the author; Graphical Objects: Parts of graphics required to understand the content, except when a particular presentation of graphics is essential to the information being conveyed.
User Interface Component contrast. G Using an author-supplied, highly visible focus indicator. Graphics with sufficient contrast. G Ensuring that a contrast ratio of is provided for icons G Provide sufficient contrast at the boundaries between adjoining colors. G Using a contrast ratio of with surrounding text and providing additional visual cues on focus for links or controls where color alone is used to identify them. F Failure of Success Criterion 2. In content implemented using markup languages that support the following text style properties, no loss of content or functionality occurs by setting all of the following and by changing no other style property: Line height line spacing to at least 1.
Exception: Human languages and scripts that do not make use of one or more of these text style properties in written text can conform using only the properties that exist for that combination of language and script. C Allowing for text spacing override C Allowing for text spacing without wrapping. Failure of Success Criterion 1.
Future technique. Where receiving and then removing pointer hover or keyboard focus triggers additional content to become visible and then hidden, the following are true: Dismissible: A mechanism is available to dismiss the additional content without moving pointer hover or keyboard focus, unless the additional content communicates an input error or does not obscure or replace other content; Hoverable: If pointer hover can trigger the additional content, then the pointer can be moved over the additional content without the additional content disappearing; Persistent: The additional content remains visible until the hover or focus trigger is removed, the user dismisses it, or its information is no longer valid.
Exception: The visual presentation of the additional content is controlled by the user agent and is not modified by the author. Principle 2 — Operable. User interface components and navigation must be operable.
Guideline 2. All functionality of the content is operable through a keyboard interface without requiring specific timings for individual keystrokes, except where the underlying function requires input that depends on the path of the user's movement and not just the endpoints.
Note 1: This exception relates to the underlying function, not the input technique. For example, if using handwriting to enter text, the input technique handwriting requires path-dependent input but the underlying function text input does not. Note 2: This does not forbid and should not discourage providing mouse input or other input methods in addition to keyboard operation.
Understanding 2. Show Hide techniques and failures for 2. Sufficient Techniques for Success Criterion 2. G Ensuring keyboard control for all functionality Ensuring keyboard control by using one of the following techniques. Advisory Techniques for Success Criterion 2. Failures for Success Criterion 2. If keyboard focus can be moved to a component of the page using a keyboard interface, then focus can be moved away from that component using only a keyboard interface, and, if it requires more than unmodified arrow or tab keys or other standard exit methods, the user is advised of the method for moving focus away.
Note 1: Since any content that does not meet this success criterion can interfere with a user's ability to use the whole page, all content on the Web page whether it is used to meet other success criteria or not must meet this success criterion.
All functionality of the content is operable through a keyboard interface without requiring specific timings for individual keystrokes. If a keyboard shortcut is implemented in content using only letter including upper- and lower-case letters , punctuation, number, or symbol characters, then at least one of the following is true: Turn off: A mechanism is available to turn the shortcut off; Remap: A mechanism is available to remap the shortcut to include one or more non-printable keyboard keys e.
Users have a way to turn off single-key shortcuts. A mechanism is provided to allow users to change character-key shortcuts. The remapping mechanism includes non-printing characters. The alternative shortcuts could be longer strings of up to 25 characters that would directly serve as native speech commands for any speech engine.
Failure of Success Criteria 2. For each time limit that is set by the content, at least one of the following is true: Turn off: The user is allowed to turn off the time limit before encountering it; or Adjust: The user is allowed to adjust the time limit before encountering it over a wide range that is at least ten times the length of the default setting; or Extend: The user is warned before time expires and given at least 20 seconds to extend the time limit with a simple action for example, "press the space bar" , and the user is allowed to extend the time limit at least ten times; or Real-time Exception: The time limit is a required part of a real-time event for example, an auction , and no alternative to the time limit is possible; or Essential Exception: The time limit is essential and extending it would invalidate the activity; or 20 Hour Exception: The time limit is longer than 20 hours.
Situation A: If there are session time limits:. G Providing a checkbox on the first page of a multipart form that allows users to ask for longer session time limit or no session time limit G Providing a way for the user to turn the time limit off.
Situation B: If a time limit is controlled by a script on the page:. Situation C: If there are time limits on reading:. G4: Allowing the content to be paused and restarted from where it was paused G Providing a way for the user to turn the time limit off SCR Using script to scroll content, and providing a mechanism to pause it SCR Providing a mechanism to allow users to display moving, scrolling, or auto-updating text in a static window or area.
For moving, blinking, scrolling, or auto-updating information, all of the following are true: Moving, blinking, scrolling: For any moving, blinking or scrolling information that 1 starts automatically, 2 lasts more than five seconds, and 3 is presented in parallel with other content, there is a mechanism for the user to pause, stop, or hide it unless the movement, blinking, or scrolling is part of an activity where it is essential; and Auto-updating: For any auto-updating information that 1 starts automatically and 2 is presented in parallel with other content, there is a mechanism for the user to pause, stop, or hide it or to control the frequency of the update unless the auto-updating is part of an activity where it is essential.
Note 1: For requirements related to flickering or flashing content, refer to Guideline 2. Note 2: Since any content that does not meet this success criterion can interfere with a user's ability to use the whole page, all content on the Web page whether it is used to meet other success criteria or not must meet this success criterion.
Note 3: Content that is updated periodically by software or that is streamed to the user agent is not required to preserve or present information that is generated or received between the initiation of the pause and resuming presentation, as this may not be technically possible, and in many situations could be misleading to do so. Note 4: An animation that occurs as part of a preload phase or similar situation can be considered essential if interaction cannot occur during that phase for all users and if not indicating progress could confuse users or cause them to think that content was frozen or broken.
Timing is not an essential part of the event or activity presented by the content, except for non-interactive synchronized media and real-time events. G5: Allowing users to complete an activity without any time limit. Interruptions can be postponed or suppressed by the user, except interruptions involving an emergency. G Providing a mechanism to postpone any updating of content G Providing a mechanism to request an update of the content instead of updating automatically SCR Using scripts to make nonessential alerts optional.
When an authenticated session expires, the user can continue the activity without loss of data after re-authenticating. Providing options to continue without loss of data using one of the following techniques: G Saving data so that it can be used after a user re-authenticates G Encoding user data as hidden or encrypted data in a re-authorization page. Users are warned of the duration of any user inactivity that could cause data loss, unless the data is preserved for more than 20 hours when the user does not take any actions.
Setting a session timeout to occur following at least 20 hours of inactivity. Store user data for more than 20 hours. Provide a warning of the duration of user inactivity at the start of a process. Web pages do not contain anything that flashes more than three times in any one second period, or the flash is below the general flash and red flash thresholds. G Ensuring that no component of the content flashes more than three times in any 1-second period G Keeping the flashing area small enough G Using a tool to ensure that content does not violate the general flash threshold or red flash threshold.
Web pages do not contain anything that flashes more than three times in any one second period. G Ensuring that no component of the content flashes more than three times in any 1-second period. Motion animation triggered by interaction can be disabled, unless the animation is essential to the functionality or the information being conveyed.
C Using the CSS reduce-motion query to prevent motion Gx: Allowing users to set a preference that prevents animation. A mechanism is available to bypass blocks of content that are repeated on multiple Web pages. C6: Positioning content based on structural markup. Web pages have titles that describe topic or purpose. G Identifying a Web page's relationship to a larger collection of Web pages. If a Web page can be navigated sequentially and the navigation sequences affect meaning or operation, focusable components receive focus in an order that preserves meaning and operability.
The purpose of each link can be determined from the link text alone or from the link text together with its programmatically determined link context, except where the purpose of the link would be ambiguous to users in general. H2: Combining adjacent image and text links for the same resource FLASH5: Combining adjacent image and text buttons for the same resource H Identifying the purpose of a link using link text combined with the preceding heading element. More than one way is available to locate a Web page within a set of Web pages except where the Web Page is the result of, or a step in, a process.
H Using the link element and navigation tools. G Providing descriptive headings G Providing descriptive labels. Any keyboard operable user interface has a mode of operation where the keyboard focus indicator is visible.
G Using user interface components that are highlighted by the user agent when they receive focus C Using CSS to change the presentation of a user interface component when it receives focus G Using the default focus indicator for the platform so that high visibility default focus indicators will carry over G Using an author-supplied, highly visible focus indicator Using a change of contrast ratio to provide a visible focus indicator SCR Using script to change the background color or border of the element with focus FLASH Reskinning Flash components to provide highly visible focus indication SL2: Changing The Visual Focus Indicator in Silverlight SL7: Designing a Focused Visual State for Custom Silverlight Controls.
F Failure of Success Criteria 2. Information about the user's location within a set of Web pages is available. G Providing a breadcrumb trail G Providing a site map G Indicating current location within navigation bars G Identifying a Web page's relationship to a larger collection of Web pages H Using the link element and navigation tools. A mechanism is available to allow the purpose of each link to be identified from link text alone, except where the purpose of the link would be ambiguous to users in general.
H2: Combining adjacent image and text links for the same resource FLASH5: Combining adjacent image and text buttons for the same resource H Supplementing link text with the title attribute. Section headings are used to organize the content.
Note 1: "Heading" is used in its general sense and includes titles and other ways to add a heading to different types of content. Note 2: This success criterion covers sections within writing, not user interface components. User Interface components are covered under Success Criterion 4. G Organizing a page using headings H Providing heading elements at the beginning of each section of content.
All functionality that uses multipoint or path-based gestures for operation can be operated with a single pointer without a path-based gesture, unless a multipoint or path-based gesture is essential. Functionality can be operated by pointer input but not with single-point activation alone. For functionality that can be operated using a single pointer, at least one of the following is true: No Down-Event: The down-event of the pointer is not used to execute any part of the function; Abort or Undo: Completion of the function is on the up-event, and a mechanism is available to abort the function before completion or to undo the function after completion; Up Reversal: The up-event reverses any outcome of the preceding down-event; Essential: Completing the function on the down-event is essential.
G Ensuring that drag-and-drop actions can be cancelled G Matching the accessible name to the visible label Touch events are only triggered when touch is removed from a control. Motion animation triggered by interaction can be disabled, unless the animation is essential to the functionality or the information being conveyed. Problem: In the online tax app, as I move my mouse around or tab to different fields, this little bubble with the current balance follows me around the screen.
Makes me dizzy and nauseous. Works well: I was so glad there was an option to turn off animations. Understanding Animation from Interactions. All functionality that uses multipoint or path-based gestures for operation can be operated with a single pointer without a path-based gesture, unless a multipoint or path-based gesture is essential. Problem: I can't move my fingers like that. I need another way to zoom in the map. Works well: Good thing there are buttons to zoom in and out.
Understanding Pointer Gestures. For functionality that can be operated using a single pointer , at least one of the following is true:. Problem: I went to hit the "Mute" button and accidentally touched the "End Call" button instead. It hung up immediately. Works well: In another web conferencing application, if I accidentally touch the "End Call" button, I can just slide my finger off the "End Call" button and it won't end the call.
Understanding Pointer Cancellation. For user interface components with labels that include text or images of text , the name contains the text that is presented visually. Problem: It understood most of my voice commands until I got to the Send button. I kept saying 'Send' and it didn't work. Note: It was visually labeled 'send' but the 'name' in the code was 'submit'.
It would have worked if the 'name' started with 'send'. Understanding Label in Name. Functionality that can be operated by device motion or user motion can also be operated by user interface components and responding to the motion can be disabled to prevent accidental actuation, except when:. Problem: I can't shake my phone; it's connected to my wheelchair. So there needs to be another way to activate that feature, like a button.
Problem: I have tremors, so I need to turn off motion activation — and then be able to do stuff without motion actuation. Works well: My friend has this cool application that looks like a physical spin lock. She rotates the phone to turn to the combination. I can use the same application by typing the numbers directly. Understanding Motion Actuation.
The size of the target for pointer inputs is at least 44 by 44 CSS pixels except when:. Retiree with hand tremor and big fingers :. Problem: The buttons are so small, I hit "Cancel" when going for "Submit". Then I have to start all over again.
Works well: This website buttons are big enough that I don't hit the wrong button even when I'm riding on the bumpy bus. Understanding Target Size. Web content does not restrict use of input modalities available on a platform except where the restriction is essential , required to ensure the security of the content, or required to respect user settings.
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