Employees in the News. Emergency Management. Survey Manual. Mineral elements provide the color in fireworks. Barium produces bright greens; strontium yields deep reds; copper produces blues; and sodium yields yellow. Other colors can be made by mixing elements: strontium and sodium produce brilliant orange; titanium, zirconium, and magnesium alloys make silvery white; copper and strontium make lavender.
Gold sparks are produced by iron filings and small pieces of charcoal. Bright flashes and loud bangs come from aluminum powder. COPPER In addition to making fireworks blue and purple, Copper is one of the oldest metals used by humans, and today is mostly used in electronics and power generation.
Metals, such as aluminum, magnesium , and titanium, burn very brightly and are useful for increasing the temperature of the firework.
Luminescence is light produced using energy sources other than heat. Sometimes luminescence is called 'cold light' because it can occur at room temperature and cooler temperatures. To produce luminescence, energy is absorbed by an electron of an atom or molecule, causing it to become excited, but unstable.
The energy is supplied by the heat of the burning firework. When the electron returns to a lower energy state the energy is released in the form of a photon light. The energy of the photon determines its wavelength or color. In some cases, the salts needed to produce the desired color are unstable.
Barium chloride green is unstable at room temperatures, so barium must be combined with a more stable compound e. In this case, the chlorine is released in the heat of the burning of the pyrotechnic composition, to then form barium chloride and produce the green color.
Copper chloride blue , on the other hand, is unstable at high temperatures, so the firework cannot get too hot, yet must be bright enough to be seen.
Pure colors require pure ingredients. Even trace amounts of sodium impurities yellow-orange are sufficient to overpower or alter other colors. A careful formulation is required so that too much smoke or residue doesn't mask the color. With fireworks, as with other things, cost often relates to quality. The skill of the manufacturer and date the firework was produced greatly affect the final display or lack thereof. Just packing colorant chemicals into an explosive charge would produce an unsatisfying firework!
There's a sequence of events leading to a beautiful, colorful display. Lighting the fuse ignites the lift charge, which propels the firework into the sky. The lift charge can be black powder or one of the modern propellants. This charge burns in a confined space, pushing itself upward as hot gas is forced through a narrow opening. Most fireworks that are sold in the United States are of the sparkler variety where they emit showers of colored flames, sparks, noises and other effects.
They are often hand-held and generally safer then a firecracker firework! Firecrackers have been around for hundreds of years. Stars come in all shapes and sizes, but you can imagine a simple star as something like sparkler compound formed into a ball the size of a pea or a dime. The stars are poured into the tube and then surrounded by black powder.
When the fuse burns into the shell, it ignites the bursting charge, causing the shell to explode. The explosion ignites the outside of the stars, which begin to burn with bright showers of sparks. Since the explosion throws the stars in all directions, you get the huge sphere of sparkling light that is so familiar at fireworks displays.
The Chemistry of Fireworks. Incandescenc e is the emission of light caused by high temperature. As a substance heats up it emits colors in different stages starting with infrared, then red, orange, yellow, and white as it becomes increasingly hotter.
The temperature of a firework can be controlled and with different components added such as charcoal, can be manipulated to be a desired color at the proper time. Metals, such as aluminum, magnesium, and titanium, burn very brightly and are useful for increasing the temperature of the firework.
Luminescence the emission of light by a substance that has not been heated. To produce luminescence, energy is absorbed by an electron, causing it to become excited, but unstable. When the electron returns to a lower energy state the energy is released in the form of a photon light. The colors are produced by heating metal salts, such as calcium chloride or sodium nitrate, that emit characteristic colors.
List of colors and elements in Fireworks:. Aluminum — Aluminum is used to produce silver and white flames and sparks. It is a common component of sparklers. Barium — Barium is used to create green colors in fireworks, and it can also help stabilize other volatile elements.
Calcium — Calcium is used to deepen firework colors.
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